Without backbone or having no backbone is considered as INVERTEBRATES.
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Answer:
The correct answers are option A. "tethering proteins to the cell cortex", B. "using barriers such as tight junctions", C. "tethering proteins to the extracellular matrix", D. "forming a covalent linkage with membrane lipids", E. "tethering proteins to the surface of another cell"
Explanation:
According to the fluid-mosaic model, the components of cell membranes are in constant movement forming a barrier to avoid unwanted exterior component internalization and to avoid the loss of precious internal components. This constant movement could cause that proteins move across the plasma membrane. But, this is avoided by several mechanisms including:
A. Tethering proteins to the cell cortex. The cell cortex is a rigid structure made of actin and actomyosin. Proteins found in the plasma membrane are tethered to this structure to restrict their movement.
B. Using barriers such as tight junctions. Tight junctions are barriers found in epithelia made of claudin and occludin proteins. These barriers are impenetrable, which avoid the movement of proteins in the cell membrane.
C. Tethering proteins to the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is made of several proteins and macromolecules that provide a structural and biochemical support to cells that are nearby. Proteins could be tethered to this rigid structure as well.
D. Forming a covalent linkage with membrane lipids. The proteins in the cell membrane that form a covalent linkage with membrane lipids are known as lipid-anchored proteins, or lipid-linked proteins.
E. Tethering proteins to the surface of another cell. When cell-cell communication take place it is possible that proteins in the cell membrane got tethered to the surface of the other cell.
Explanation:
El ADP con fosfato y la energía absorbida de los alimentos producen ATP
Answer:
D. increasing the number of mitochondria
Explanation:
The mitochondria are membrane-bound cellular organelles found in the cell of an eukaryote. Mitochondrion is responsible for the production of energy since the process which releases the energy (cellular respiration) occurs in it.
In an experimental procedure whereby the amount of energy which is produced by a cell is about to be increased will involve the increase of the number of mitochondria in that cell. Since more mitochondria means more energy production.
<h3><u>Answer</u>;</h3>
A. Pressure causes water and dissolved substances to filter through capillary walls of the glomerulus.
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- <em><u>During filtration the flow of blood in the glomerulus creates hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus which forces molecules through the glomerular filtration membrane. </u></em>
- Normal filtrate contains of water, glucose, amino acids, urea, creatinine, and solutes such as sodium chloride, calcium, potassium and bicarbonate ions.
