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love history [14]
3 years ago
14

All organisms possess a genetic system based on what

Biology
1 answer:
ozzi3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is defined as the genetic material in all the living organisms responsible for all the genetic activities in an organism.

DNA carries genetic instructions that are inherited from one generation to another generation. The DNA comprises of genes having specific genetic code that encodes the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins. DNA undergoes the process of replication and form several copies of it which are passed on to next generation.

Hence, the correct answer is "DNA".

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Meiosis increases genetic variation due to random segregation which occurs.

In anaphase I of meiosis, the homologous pairs (one maternal and one paternal chromosome) are moved apart to opposite ends of the cell and this process occurs random. This allows the formation of gametes with different sets of homologues. In this phase sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres (not segragated as in mitosis).


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Explanation:

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Glycolysis occurs in two major phases (ten steps) requiring 10 enzymes catalyzing each step; the energy-requiring phase and the energy-requiring phase.

In the energy-requiring phase, the starting molecule (glucose) gets rearranged in a series of chemical reactions, and two phosphate groups gets attached to it producing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate which is unstable, This modified sugar then splits in half due to its instability to form two different but inter-convertible phosphate-bearing three-carbon sugars (Dihydroxyacetonephosphate, DHAP and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P). Because the phosphates used in these steps come from 2 ATP molecules, 2 ATP molecules get used up in this phase

All the DHAP molecules get converted to G-3-P in order to enter the next phase.

In the energy-recovering phase, the 3-carbon sugar (G3P) is converted into another three-carbon molecule called pyruvate, through a series of reactions. In these reactions, two ATP and 1 NADH molecules are made. This recovery phase occurs twice (one for each of the two isomeric three-carbon sugars, DHAP and G3P). Hence, a total of 4 ATP and 2 NADH molecules are produced in this phase.

Overall, Glycolysis converts one glucose (six-carbon) molecule to two pyruvate (three-carbon) molecules and a net release of 2 ATP molecules (4 overall - 2 used) and 2 NADH molecules.

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