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Answer: (a) pH = 4.774, (b) pH = 4.811 and (c) pH = 4.681
Explanation: (a) pH of the buffer solution is calculated using Handerson equation:
pKa for acetic acid is 4.76. concentration of base and acid are given as 0.95M and 0.92M. Let's plug in the values in the equation and calculate the pH of starting buffer.
pH = 4.76 + 0.014
pH = 4.774
(b) When 0.040 mol of NaOH (strong base) are added to the buffer then it reacts with 0.040 mol of acetic acid and form 0.040 mol of sodium acetate.
Original buffer volume is 1.00 L. So, the original moles of sodium acetate will be 0.95 and acetic acid will be 0.92.
moles of acetic acid after addition of NaOH = 0.92 - 0.040 = 0.88
moles of sodium acetate after addition of NaOH = 0.95 + 0.040 = 0.99
Let's again plug in the values in the Handerson equation:
pH = 4.76 + 0.051
pH = 4.811
(c) When 0.100 mol of HCl are added then it reacts with exactly 0.100 moles of sodium acetate(base) and form 0.100 moles of acetic acid(acid).
so, new moles of acetic acid = 0.92 + 0.100 = 1.02
new moles of sodium acetate = 0.95 - 0.100 = 0.85
Let's plug in the values in the equation:
pH = 4.76 - 0.079
pH = 4.681
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Given
the structure of the alkanes
Required
match the image to the name
Solution
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with all of the carbon bonds being single bonds
General formula:
If we look at the picture, we define the black atom as Carbon and the branch is Hydrogen
To determine the name of the alkane, all we have to do is count the number of Carbon atoms
Butane : C₄H₁₀ : 4 C atoms
Methane : CH₄ : 1 C atom
Ethane : C₂H₆ : 2 C atoms
Propane : C₃H₈ : 3 C atoms