Answer:
a. ATP and NADPH
Explanation:
Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include splitting of water in the presence of sunlight and release of electrons. The electrons move from the reaction center of the PS-II via electron carriers to the PS-I. From the reaction center of PS-I, the electrons finally reach NADP reductase and reduce NADP into NADPH.
During this electron transfer via electron carriers, a proton concentration gradient is generated across the thylakoid membrane. The energy of this gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis. ATP and NADPH formed during the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis are then used during the reactions of the Calvin cycle.
<h2>CRISPR/Cas9</h2>
Explanation:
CRISPR can be used to reintroduce dystrophin back into the KO mouse
- CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and is used to for gene editing
- CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing has been shown to permanently correct DMD mutations and restore dystrophin function in mouse models
- Germline editing by injecting zygotes with CRISPR/Cas9 editing component was first done in mdx mice by correcting the mutated exon 23
- Postnatal editing of mdx mice was then achieved using recombinant adeno-associated virus to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing components and correct the dystrophin gene by skipping or deleting the mutated exon 23 in vivo
- Germline and postnatal CRISPR/Cas9 editing approaches both successfully restored dystrophin function in the mice and same technique can be used for KO mouse model
There are many reasons to why slaves were essential in the colonial economy:
Slaves were generally used more in the south, because large plantations were found there, which meant that the need for large amounts of workers.
Slaves provided cheap labors, and as they were not "citizens" of the US, they were not allowed their rights.
Slaves were also relatively easy to buy and replace, however, their survival rates were not that good after they traveled long distance.
etc.
hope this helps
Answer:
For example, delays in mitosis are often ascribed to 'activation' of the mitotic checkpoint, a descriptor that fails to recognize that the checkpoint by definition is active as the cell starts mitosis. Conversely, the completion of mitosis in the presence of misaligned chromosomes is often automatically interpreted to indicate a defective checkpoint, even though in the absence of critical testing alternative interpretations are equally likely. In this article, we define the critical characteristics of checkpoints and illustrate how confusion generated by the inconsistent use of terminology may impede progress by fostering claims that mean very different things to different researchers. We will illustrate our points with examples from the checkpoint that controls progression through mitosis
Explanation:
