Read the code below.
1 answer:
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Answer:
Here is the C++ program:
#include <iostream> // to include input output functions
using namespace std; // to identify objects like cin cout
int counter(string userString, char character) { //function counter
int count = 0; // counts the no of times a character appears in the string
for (int i=0;i<userString.length();i++)
// loop to move through the string to find the occurrence of the character
if (userString[i] == character) //if characters is found in the string
count++; //counts the occurrence of the character in the string
return count; } //returns the no of times character occurs in the string
int main() { //start of the main() function body
string s; // stores the string entered by the user
cout<<"Enter a string: "; //prompts user to enter the string
cin>>s; //reads the string from user
char ch; //stores the character entered by the user
cout<<"Enter a character: "; //prompts user to enter a character
cin>>ch; //reads the character from user
cout << counter(s, ch) << endl; }
//calls counter function to find the number of times a character occurs in the //string
Explanation:
The counter function works as following:
It has a count variable which stores the number of occurrences of a character in the userString.
It uses a for loop which loops through the entire string.
It has i position variable which starts with the first character of the string and checks if the first character of userString matches with the required character.
If it matches the character then count variable counts the first occurrence of the character and in the userString and is incremented to 1.
If the character does not match with the first character of the userString then the loops keeps traversing through the userString until the end of the userString is reached which is specified by the length() function which returns the length of the string.
After the loop ends the return count statement is used to return the number of occurrences of the character in the userString.
The main() function prompts the user to enter a string and a character. It then calls counter() function passing string s and character ch arguments to it in order to get the number of times ch appears in s.
The output is attached in a screenshot.
<h2>Answer:</h2>
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========= Shape.java ===========
//import the Scanner class
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Shape{
//required fields
private String shape;
private double area;
private double perimeter;
//default constructor
public Shape(){
this.shape = "unknown";
this.area = 0.0;
this.perimeter = 0.0;
}
//constructor with one parameter
public Shape(String shape){
this.setShape(shape);
this.area = 0.0;
this.perimeter = 0.0;
}
//accessors and mutators
public void setShape(String shape){
this.shape = shape;
}
public String getShape(){
return this.shape;
}
public double getPerimeter(){
return this.perimeter;
}
public double getArea(){
return this.area;
}
public void setPerimeter(Scanner scr){
if(this.getShape().equals("circle")){
System.out.println("Enter the radius of the circle");
double radius = scr.nextDouble();
this.perimeter = 2 * 3.142 * radius;
}
else if(this.getShape().equals("rectangle")){
System.out.println("Enter the width");
double width = scr.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter the height");
double height = scr.nextDouble();
this.perimeter = 2 * (width + height);
}
else if(this.getShape().equals("square")){
System.out.println("Enter the height or width");
double height = scr.nextDouble();
this.perimeter = 4 * height;
}
else if(this.getShape().equals("unknown")){
System.out.println("You must define a shape first before calculating perimeter");
this.perimeter = 0.0;
}
else {
System.out.println("You must define a shape first before calculating perimeter");
this.perimeter = 0.0;
}
}
public void setArea(Scanner scr){
if(this.getShape().equals("circle")){
System.out.println("Enter the radius of the circle");
double radius = scr.nextDouble();
this.area = 3.142 * radius * radius;
}
else if(this.getShape().equals("rectangle")){
System.out.println("Enter the width");
double width = scr.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter the height");
double height = scr.nextDouble();
this.area = width * height;
}
else if(this.getShape().equals("square")){
System.out.println("Enter the height or width");
double height = scr.nextDouble();
this.area = height * height;
}
else if(this.getShape().equals("unknown")){
System.out.println("You must define a shape first before calculating area");
this.area = 0.0;
}
else {
System.out.println("You must define a shape first before calculating area");
this.area = 0.0;
}
}
//Own methods
//1. Method to show the properties of a shape
public void showProperties(){
System.out.println();
System.out.println("The properties of the shape are");
System.out.println("Shape : " + this.getShape());
System.out.println("Perimeter : " + this.getPerimeter());
System.out.println("Area : " + this.getArea());
}
//2. Method to find and show the difference between the area and perimeter of a shape
public void getDifference(){
double diff = this.getArea() - this.getPerimeter();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("The difference is " + diff);
}
}
========= ShapeTest.java ===========
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ShapeTest {
public static void main(String [] args){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
// create an unknown shape
Shape shape_unknown = new Shape();
//get the shape
System.out.println("The shape is " + shape_unknown.getShape());
//set the area
shape_unknown.setArea(scanner);
//get the area
System.out.println("The area is " + shape_unknown.getArea());
//set the perimeter
shape_unknown.setPerimeter(scanner);
//get the perimeter
System.out.println("The perimeter is " + shape_unknown.getPerimeter());
// create another shape - circle
Shape shape_circle = new Shape("circle");
//set the area
shape_circle.setArea(scanner);
//get the area
System.out.println("The area is " + shape_circle.getArea());
//set the perimeter
shape_circle.setPerimeter(scanner);
//get the area
System.out.println("The perimeter is " + shape_circle.getArea());
//get the properties
shape_circle.showProperties();
//get the difference between area and perimeter
shape_circle.getDifference();
}
}
<h2>Sample output:</h2>
The shape is unknown
You must define a shape first before calculating area
The area is 0.0
You must define a shape first before calculating perimeter
The perimeter is 0.0
Enter the radius of the circle
>> 12
The area is 452.448
Enter the radius of the circle
>> 12
The perimeter is 452.448
The properties of the shape are
Shape : circle
Perimeter : 75.408
Area : 452.448
The difference is 377.03999999999996
<h2>Explanation:</h2>
The code above is written in Java. It contains comments explaining important parts of the code. Please go through the code for more explanations. For better formatting, the sample output together with the code files have also been attached to this response.
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java
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java
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