Question

Lucas is concerned that even if he puts forth effort and performs as expected, there are other individuals (i.e., flight crew, gate agents, etc.) who can still cause the on-time performance goal not to be met. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following is most closely related to Lucas’s concern? Multiple Choice instrumentality valence positive inequity expectancy negative inequity

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "A": instrumentality.

Explanation:

The expectancy theory refers to individuals selecting one behavior regardless of the behavior of others because of the expectations on the outcomes of those behaviors the individuals have. The expectancy theory has three components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Instrumentality is the idea individuals have that if they perform better they are likely to achieve their goals. Instrumentality is affected by having a clear understanding between the performance and the outcomes, and confidence in others' performance to achieve the same objectives.

Therefore, Lucas is concerned about the instrumentality component of the expectancy theory.

Answer 2

Answer:

Option A; INSTRUMENTALITY.

Explanation:

The expectancy theory explains the processes an individual undergoes to make choices.

INSTRUMENTALITY is the perception of employees as to whether they will actually get what they desire or not.

Lucas's concern is related to instrumentality because he is not sure whether the on-time performance goal will be met or not, even if he puts more effort and performs as expected of him because there are other individual who may cause the desired result not to happen.

Therefore, based on expectancy theory, INSTRUMENTALITY is most closely related to Lucas's concern.