Answer:
Puberty refers to the bodily changes.
Adolescence is the period of psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood.
During the period of the Renaissance, Italy was divided into numerous small city-states controlled by local wealthy people. There were large differences though from one city-state to another, and while the northern ones were very wealthy and had things going very smoothly, the southern ones were much less successful.
The reason why the northern Italian city-states were so wealthy was mostly the trade. These city-states had excellent large ports. They were producing multiple things that were in high demand and also very well paid for for export, and were getting lot of things they needed and desired from the other parts of the world.
These states had very well developed fleets, and they were trading with multiple Asian regions, Europe, as well as parts of Africa. They were exporting their high quality products. Very often they were buying certain things from one place, then re-sell it in other place buy much higher prices, thus getting more and more wealth over time. That wealth enabled them to get all they needed without any problem, thus making them very stable and strong small states.
Diamond realized that Yali’s question penetrated the heart of a great mystery of human history -- the roots of global inequality.
Why were Europeans the ones with all the cargo? Why had they taken over so much of the world, instead of the native people of New Guinea? How did Europeans end up with what Diamond terms the agents of conquest: guns, germs and steel? It was these agents of conquest that allowed 168 Spanish conquistadors to defeat an Imperial Inca army of 80,000 in 1532, and set a pattern of European conquest which would continue right up to the present day.
Diamond knew that the answer had little to do with ingenuity or individual skill. From his own experience in the jungles of New Guinea, he had observed that native hunter-gatherers were just as intelligent as people of European descent -- and far more resourceful. Their lives were tough, and it seemed a terrible paradox of history that these extraordinary people should be the conquered, and not the conquerors.
To examine the reasons for European success, Jared realized he had to peel back the layers of history and begin his search at a time of equality – a time when all the peoples of the world lived in exactly the same way.
The people are in charge of the government
It's kinda hard to explain but I found a reliable website
http://www.history.com/topics/mcculloch-v-maryland
