I don't know which came first, but Harappa, Lothal, and Mohenjo-Daro are the major cities from the Harappan civilization.
Yes because one party keeps the other in check
Last one because everyone started building navies, so everyone else started building navies in order to defend against other navies.
He updated the old western Roman Empire laws to make them compatible with the remaining eastern Roman Empire which was about all that was left by the time he came to power in the 6th century.
The term may be delegated powers. (I am unsure, are there choices?)