An example of violation of Enlightenment rights in Latin America under Spanish Rule is B. A rigid social class system strictly determined by birth, which granted rights to some and restricted rights from others.
There was a complex race system that asignated each individual its place in society according to its ascendency: metropolitan, colonial, indian, black, white. The other two are examples of Enlightenment rights that weren't respected until after independence.
Electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom in electron clouds.
"Dalton's Atomic Theory
"1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
"2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
"3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
"4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms"
source: http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/composition/dalton.html
Answer: Renewable resources