A normal IV bag contains a saline solution. This means that it contains water mixed with sodium chloride though sometimes it may be water mixed with dextrose. Both of these are additives used to normalize tonicity.
Tonicity is a measurement of osmotic pressure. What this means is that it measures how likely it is for water to be drawn to it and is based on the concentration of solutes. There are 3 measurements for tonicity
- Hypertonic
- Hypotonic
- Isotonic
These measurements tell us whether water is likely to be drawn in, repelled, or not move at all. This will depend on the concentration of solutes and water on the inside and outside of a cell. If a patient is given normal water, the water will dissolve the solutes outside of a cell and cause a pressure gradient that will cause water to be drawn into a cell until it inevitably explodes. This death of the blood cells is known as hemolysis. To avoid this, additives like Dextrose or sodium chloride are added, to equalize tonicity.
Though dextrose is often used, the most common solution for an IV bag is the saline solution made from water and sodium chloride (salt). The addition of additives like salt or dextrose (a type of sugar) is important in order to normalize tonicity and avoid hemolysis.
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Science refers to the construction of knowledge by using the scientific method. This method is based on empirical evidence.
Science can be defined as the construction of knowledge (scientific knowledge) by using the scientific method.
The scientific method includes several sequential steps:
- Observation
- Ask questions
- Form a testable explanation (hypothesis)
- Test the hypothesis
- Collect results (empirical evidence)
- Draw conclusions
In the scientific method, empirical evidence can be used to support the working hypothesis.
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Answer:
The correct answer is a. energy can be extracted in usable amounts.
Explanation:
Through the process of respiration, glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water. This oxidation of glucose helps in the production of energy in usable amount which is used by the cell for their metabolic processes.
First, the glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvic acid then pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl Co-A which is used in the citric acid cycle to generate NADH, FADH₂, and ATP. Then the NADH, FADH₂ is used to provide electrons that helps in the generation of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
This ATP molecule has a high energy phosphate bond from which energy can be extracted in usable amounts. Therefore the correct answer is a. energy can be extracted in usable amounts.
This diagram does. it shows everything.
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