Answer:
The mechanisms of transport across the cell membrane are as follow: 1- simple diffusion, 2- facilitated diffusion, 3- primary active transport and 4-secondary active transport
Explanation:
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable structure capable of transporting substances by different mechanisms. Simple diffusion is a type of passive transport (i.e. does not require energy) where non-polar molecules (e.g. O2, CO2) pass across the membrane by a process that does not require energy from the cell. Facilitated diffusion is another type of passive transport where larger polar molecules (e.g., glucose and amino acids) pass across the membrane by using specific transmembrane integral proteins. On the other hand, primary active transport is a type of active transport that uses chemical energy (e.g., ATP) to move substances such as metal ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+) across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. Finally, secondary active transport is another type of active transport where transporter proteins are used to couple the movement of ions (e.g., H+ protons) down their electrochemical gradient to the transport of another ions/solutes against their concentration/ electrochemical gradient.
Answer:
The mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced. It is composed of an inner membrane called cristae, and an outer membrane that covers the organelle.
The cell wall is a rigid structure made from(in the case of plant cells rather than bacteria or fungi) cellulose and other rigid fibers.
The cell membrane is a fluid, thinner structure made up of a double layer of phospholipids which are comprised of the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing toward each other in the layer.
The nucleus has protons, and neutrons that are contained within it, and electrons around it.
Explanation:
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Human skin color is a polygenic trait, which means that multiple gene loci (with different alleles) are involved in its expression. It has been shown that there more than 350 genetic loci involved in determining skin color. Because of that, there is the enormous number of possible genotypes for the skin color and as a result, the phenotypes vary from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Different populations have different allele frequencies of genes for human skin color, and the combination of these allele variations brings about complex and continuous variation in skin coloration. Natural skin color can change due to exposure to sunlight (becomes darker) and that is the way it adapts to intense sunlight irradiation (protection against the UV exposure).
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Answer:
Soda-acid fire extinguishers contain sodium bicarbonate and sulphuric acid. It is the most effective house-hold fire extinguisher and it consists of a strong iron vessel .The sulphuric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form sodium sulphate, water and carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
