Answer:
The Importance of Precedent. In a common law system, judges are obliged to make their rulings as consistent as reasonably possible with previous judicial decisions on the same subject. ... Each case decided by a common law court becomes a precedent, or guideline, for subsequent decisions involving similar disputes.
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Answer:
Increased trade and use of money, which undermined serfdom and led to prosperity of northern Italian cities.
Explanation:
The answer is D.
extra wording :)
Answer:
Otto Von Bismarck
Explanation:
Otto Von Bismark became the first chancellor of Germany and masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871. The idea for the unification became necessary during the 16th and 17th centuries because the country remained split into city-states, different from Britain and France. Germany's city-states had its ruling king, which explained a lack of political solidarity. A sense of nationalism was coming up, and Bismark wanted to build a nation by uniting. Germany got its unification with the help of the Prussian Army and bureaucracy in 1871.