Question

You have a plant with yellow seeds, which express a dominant phenotype. How would you determine the plant's genotype? Conduct a Punnett square with a purebred recessive plant. Conduct a test cross with a purebred recessive plant. Conduct a test cross with a purebred dominant plant. Conduct a test cross with a hybrid plant

Answer 1

The answer is Conduct a test cross with a purebred recessive plant. 

Test cross is the cross between an organism with unknown dominant genotype and an organism with known recessive genotype.

Since dominant trait results from a dominant allele, the test cross can determine if an unknown genotype is heterozygous and homozygous dominant. 

If A is dominant allele, and a is recessive allele, then AA is dominant homozygote, Aa is a heterozygote, and aa is recessive homozygote.

According to the Punnett square, if all of the offspring are heterozygote (Aa), then unknown genotype is dominant homozygous (AA). If half of the offspring are the heterozygote, and the other half are recessive homozygote, then the unknown genotype is heterozygote (Aa).