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pashok25 [27]
2 years ago
5

In treating alcohol use disorder therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. this technique i

s known as
Biology
1 answer:
siniylev [52]2 years ago
8 0
This is known as aversion therapy. Here, a patient is concurrently exposed to a stimulus, typically an addiction, and some form of discomfort. The idea behind this is that the patient will associate the addiction with unpleasant experiences. In this way, it is hoped that the patient will overcome his/her addiction. This sort of therapy has taken many forms. The more common form is for example to paint unpleasant-tasting nail polish on one's nails to discourage nail chewing. More extreme forms include electric shock therapy.
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Many scientists are concerned that the Oglala Lakota aquifer in the United States is being depleted at an alarming rate. What wo
HACTEHA [7]
Many scientists are concerned that the Ogallala aquifer in the United States is being depleted at an alarming rate. The statement that is correct and would state the most likely be a major effect of this aquifer running dry is choice A. It states that many crops would die because irrigation water would be limited.

 
8 0
3 years ago
Explain how we know that DNA breaks and rejoins during recombination.
alisha [4.7K]

Answer:

It occurs through homologous recombination

Explanation:

GENERAL RECOMBINATION OR HOMOLOGIST

           Previously we defined its general characteristics. We will now describe a molecular model of this recombination, based on the classic Meselson and Radding, modified with the latest advances. Do not forget that we are facing a model, that is, a hypothetical proposal to explain a set of experimental data. Not all points of this model are fully clarified or demonstrated:

           Suppose we have an exogenote and an endogenote, both consisting of double helices. In recombination models, the exogenote is usually referred to as donor DNA, and the endogenote as recipient DNA.

1) Start of recombination: Homologous recombination begins with an endonucleotide incision in one of the donor double helix chains. Responsible for this process is the nuclease RecBCD (= nuclease V), which acts as follows: it is randomly attached to the donor's DNA, and moves along the double helix until it finds a characteristic sequence called c

Once the sequence is recognized, the RecBCD nuclease cuts to 4-6 bases to the right (3 'side) of the upper chain (as we have written above). Then, this same protein, acting now as a helicase, unrolls the cut chain, causing a zone of single-stranded DNA (c.s. DNA) to move with its 3 ’free end

2) The gap left by the displaced portion of the donor cut chain is filled by reparative DNA synthesis.

3) The displaced single chain zone of the donor DNA is coated by subunits of the RecA protein (at the rate of one RecA monomer per 5-10 bases). Thus, that simple chain adopts an extended helical configuration.

4) Assimilation or synapse: This is the key moment of action of RecA. Somehow, the DNA-bound RecA c.s. The donor facilitates the encounter of the latter with the complementary double helix part of the recipient, so that in principle a triple helix is formed. Then, with the hydrolysis of ATP, RecA facilitates that the donor chain moves to the homologous chain of the receptor, and therefore matches the complementary one of that receptor. In this process, the chain portion of the donor's homologous receptor is displaced, causing the so-called "D-structure".

It is important to highlight that this process promoted by RecA depends on the donor and the recipient having great sequence homology (from 100 to 95%), and that these homology segments are more than 100 bases in length.

Note that this synapse involves the formation of a portion of heteroduplex in the double receptor helix: there is an area where each chain comes from a DNA c.d. different parental (donor and recipient).

5) It is assumed that the newly displaced chain of the recipient DNA (D-structure) is digested by nucleases.

6) Covalent union of the ends originating in the two homologous chains. This results in a simple cross-linking whereby the two double helices are "tied." The resulting global structure is called the Holliday structure or joint.

7) Migration of the branches: a complex formed by the RuvA and RuvB proteins is attached to the crossing point of the Holliday structure, which with ATP hydrolysis achieve the displacement of the Hollyday crossing point: in this way the portion of heteroduplex in both double helices.

8) Isomerization: to easily visualize it, imagine that we rotate the two segments of one of the DNA c.d. 180o with respect to the cross-linking point, to generate a flat structure that is isomeric from the previous one ("X structure").

9) Resolution of this structure: this step is catalyzed by the RuvC protein, which cuts and splices two of the chains cross-linked at the Hollyday junction. The result of the resolution may vary depending on whether the chains that were not previously involved in the cross-linking are cut and spliced, or that they are again involved in this second cutting and sealing operation:

a) If the cuts and splices affect the DNA chains that were not previously involved in the cross-linking, the result will be two reciprocal recombinant molecules, where each of the 4 chains are recombinant (there has been an exchange of markers between donor and recipient)

b) If the cuts and splices affect the same chains that had already participated in the first cross-linking, the result will consist of two double helices that present only two portions of heteroduplex DNA.

8 0
3 years ago
Can my dog go outside after being neutered
aleksandrvk [35]
Yes he can.
If he was just neutered today:
Leash walks only so he can urinate and defecate. If he runs around he risks breaking sutures/glue.
If he was neutered a few days ago:
Also leash walks only until sutures fully healed
Remember to keep the e-collar on!

3 0
3 years ago
The adaptation that made possible the colonization of dry land environments by seed plants is most likely the result of the evol
Oksanka [162]
The answer is Pollen.
3 0
3 years ago
Which adaptation is common to animals that live in temperate grasslands?
Greeley [361]

Answer:

a thick layer of fat

Explanation:

because weather is temperate, animals need a fat layer 2 keep warm, if there is no food available, it's fat layer essentially gives it energy when food is scarce, or hibernation occurs...

5 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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