Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
The discovery of oil increased the population of Texas as people swarmed not as much as the Gold Rush but similar to try to get rich from the oil.
Answer:
Hindsight bias
Explanation:
Hindsight bias: In psychology, the term hindsight bias is defined as the propensity of an individual to overestimate his or her capability of predicting or forecasting a particular event's outcome that couldn't have been forecast or predicted.
It hinders an individual to look at an event as more easily predictable than the event is. It can often lead to cause or create memory distortion in an individual.
In the question above, the given statement demonstrates hindsight bias.
Answer:
The Chinese had to open five ports to foreign trade
The answer is standard of living. Standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of products and goods available to a population at a given time. It is also defined as the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available in a certain geographic area or place.
