The answer would be D) all of the above, since the sentences all use a physical thing such as the color black, or water to represent something deeper than it's literal meaning.
C. How long does it take to travel from the Earth to the moon?
This is the weakest research question because it can be easily answered. According to a 2 second Google search, it takes about 3 days for a spacecraft to reach the moon from Earth. This question does not allow for a lot of research for development into an essay. Options A, B and D all have a variety of possibilities that would allow for a multi-paragraph essay with significant topic development.
The twin getting a C is using a fixed mindset. Just because your twin gets a better grade does not make you dumber it means you may need a different approach at what you are doing.