As water molecules from plant leaves evaporate, they attract the water molecules that are still present in the plant, aiding in the movement of water from the roots up through the stems. The water in a plant is transported from the bottom to the top by the combined effects of transpiration and capillary action.
- Water molecules ascend up the cellulose tubes from the roots to the leaves because they tend to cling together (cohesion) and stick to the walls of tubes (adhesion). The water from the leaves then evaporates, aiding in the root system's ability to absorb additional water. We call this mechanism capillary action.
- Water and minerals travel upward from the roots through the xylem due to a negative water potential gradient created by the evaporation of mesophyll cells in the leaves. Small perforations between vessel elements must be made to reduce gas bubbles in the xylem since they can obstruct water flow in the plant.
Learn more about Xylem here:
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Answer:
Ashing process is done to evaluate the ash content present in petroleum or other proucts, so that they can be used for certain applications
The two major types of ashing process that includes dry ashing and wet ashing and can be performed using microwave systems or conventional means.
a. errors made in the preceding method while determining the ash content of buttermilk by conventional dry ashing are as following:
- Buttermilk should not immediatly put into muffle immediatley, it should be boiled first to avoid splatter.
- Temperature should be between 500 to 600 degree celcius at high temperature teh ash content can be loss.
- The sample should be ashed for 12-18 hrs
, more than this can damage the required ash content.
- platinum tip should be used in place of stainless steel because platinum has a lower concomitant tip impedance than stainless stell, so less reactive to ash.
- The ash should put in dessicator and not allow to kept in open because ash can react with the humidity in teh atmosphere.
b. The result that occur due to above errors such as the temperature, time, tongs and leaving ash in open will manipulate the final ash content and its application can be harmful for humans and for other purpose if it will be used.
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The gradual movement of the continents across the Earth’s surface throughout geological time.
