2. What happened to the green active site of the protein in the mutated CFTR protein

1 answer:

8 0

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many surfaces in the body, such as the surface of the lung. When the protein is not working correctly, chloride -- a component of salt -- becomes trapped in cells. Without the proper movement of chloride, water cannot hydrate the cellular surface. This leads the mucus covering the cells to become thick and sticky, causing many of the symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis.

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The element oxygen, represented by the symbol O, is classified as

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the element oxygen , represented by the symbol o, is classified as a pure substance

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DNA Polymerase helps copy a DNA molecule during the process of what?

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The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.

Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.

Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.

DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.

Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.

A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov

Structure of DNA polymerase

The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.

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In the poems extended metaphor the “fearful trip”is?

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the civil war

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(a)The same kind of plants grown & cultivated on a large scale at a place is called_____ (b) The first step before growing c

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Answer:

Following the answers are given below:-

Explanation:

(a) Plants of the same type that are grown and grown at a large-scale spot are referred to as crops. They are mostly cultivated for useful products.

(b) The very first step in the growth of plants is soil time to prepare to easy way to help water infiltration, appropriate oxygenation, and soil microbial economic expansion. Soil program includes the softening and attempting to turn of plant roots through all the plow procedure. The next step in growing crops is the collection of safe crops that is performed for some time by placing the seed in a water-filled flask.

(c) Infected seeds are lighter and hollow in strength and therefore rise at the top of the atmosphere. The good seeds calm down a bit at the edges, becoming heavier, which is used for sowing.

(d) Sunlight, water, and nutrients are essential requirements for seed germination and seedling growth. Seed seeding to the right depth and adequate spacing among seeds and seedlings confirm that these criteria are fulfilled.

(e) The principal Kharif crops in India are corn, maize, and cotton.

(f) individuals are used for producing plant manure.

(g) A combination of calcium acid phosphate and calcium sulfate formed by processing sulfuric phosphate stone: used primarily as a phosphate.

(h) Vegetables and lean meats are the two major categories of commercial grain crops. The word applies primarily to seeds from family Fabaceae plants, such as wheat, corn, and rice; seeds of non-edible vegetation types are often referred to as "grains."

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Why do you think pressurized seeds and spores are a beneficial adaption for these plants and fungi?

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It is a beneficial adaptation since the pressurized seeds and spores spread widely, helping the organism reproduce elsewhere. In plants, it allows them to survive better by flinging the seeds far away so that their offspring don’t compete for food. For the fungus, it allows the parent to fling the spores into the grass so that when other animals eat them, the life cycle of the fungus continues on. These may be dispersed by the wind.

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