Homeostasis is the attempt to maintain stable conditions (particularly in an organism). It is done by using feedback loops (positive and negative).
Answer:
using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP and phosphate.
Explanation:
The cellular respiration involves the generation of energy for bodily activities. This is technically known as the Kreb's Cycle or citric acid cycle. This is the process through which the intracellular metabolism of glucose takes place. Specialized organelles, called mitochondria are responsible for the process. The organelles ensure that the breaking of the high energy phosphate bonds in the ATP monocle generate energy. Overally, the process is a hydrolysis process. This involves the movement of the hydrogen ions an the generation of 38 high energy phosphate bond breakages.
Answer:
TNF-alpha is expressed as a homotrimer that exerts its activities through binding to two types of receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by having an extracellular domain with 4 cysteine-rich domains (CRD 1-4) , each with 3 cysteinecysteine disulfide bonds.
Explanation:
TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor), which has the characteristic of being a paracrine signaling ligand, is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a mediator of immune regulation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis in some cell types. Receptors in this family are involved, with some exceptions, in juxtacrine signaling; that is, both the ligand and the receptor are membrane proteins with extracellular domains through which signaling is established. The cellular responses promoted by TNF are initiated by its interaction with two different types of cell receptors, the type I receptor (55 kDa) and the type II receptor (75 kDa). Both types of receptors are part of the TNF receptor family, members of which include Fas antigen (apoptosis inducer, also called Apo-1 or CD95), CD27 (T-cell activation antigen), CD30 (lymphoma marker Hodgkin) and CD40 (B-cell antigen), which share the characteristic of cysteine-rich sequences in their extracellular domains. This family of cytokines generate cellular responses that include differentiation, proliferation, activation of NFκB and cell death, promoting the aggregation of receptor monomers, that is, they have a transmembrane domain that participates in the solubilization of the receptor and a domain of intracellular death that is involved in signal transduction. The binding of TNF to TNF-R1 induces a signaling cascade through its intracellular death domain, which subsequently leads to the activation of complex I (or inflammatory) of NFkB and proceeds to the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, pro- inflammatory diseases and apoptosis complex II (caspases).
Answer: Acquired traits are skills that you have acquired and genetic traits are what you are born with.
Explanation: Example: A mother who can play piano really well might have a son. Just because she can play piano really well does not mean that her son will be able to.
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