If you look at the years of the states and write down the ones in 1889 and 1900, it gets easier. Three that I got were Wshington, Montana, and South Dakota (I'm sure there are more but those were three).
It would be the "a. Social Security Administration" that was begun during the New Deal and still exists today, since many people rely on this in order to retire later in life.
Benito Mussolini was called Il Duce by his followers. I believe it meant "The Leader" in Italian, just like "Der Fuher" means "The Leader" in German, and was a title given to Adolf Hitler.
WOW!? That's a lot of questions....:(
Shaky railroad financing which led to a series of bank failures