Answer:
dependent: exam score, independent: presence of music,
confounding can be the fact that students in no music condition completed exam as they normally would
high validity
Explanation:
Dependent variable is the variable whose value depends on independent varaible. As independent variable is changed, the value of dependent variable changes
Students in no music condition completed exam as they normally would can be confounding as no description is given about how they would noramlly complete an exam. Any other factor and not no music condition, in normal exam condition could have affected their scores.
The experiment has high validity as the exam scores of student exposed to music was significantly higher than those not exposed to the music. The results also proved the hypothesis.
The Christians want to win back the holy land and the pope wishes to see the holy land under Christian rule so they set up the crusade. There was also a King's Crusade which the pope set up.
Not sure if it is right.
