Answer:
1. Negative reinforcement.
2. Social learning.
3. Behavior modification.
4. Extinction.
5. Classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Operant conditioning can be defined as an associative learning process which involves reinforcing the strength of a behavior. Thus, the outcome depends on the response in operant conditioning.
A reinforcement of a desired behavior involves the process of strengthening a positive behavior being exhibited by an individual through the use of stimulus.
Behavior modification is a therapeutic process that is focused on changing any undesirable negative behavior in an individual through the use of positive or negative consequence and biofeedback.
Behavior modification is typically based on operant conditioning principles, through negative or positive reinforcement, undesirable behaviors developed by an individual are mainly replaced with more desirable ones.
1. Negative reinforcement: every time the new machine is turned on it beeps loudly until the operator runs a full safety check on it. After the safety check is complete, the beeping stops.
2. Social learning: after watching a coworker get in trouble for deviating from the call center script while handling a customer, you decide to always say exactly what the company wants you to when speaking with customers.
3. Behavior modification: one of your subordinates is very inconsiderate and often leaves his empty coffee cups around the office when he is done rather than throwing them out. You start paying attention to when he throws out his trash and comment on how much this is appreciated and keeps the office looking nice.
4. Extinction: your colleague likes to tell inappropriate jokes before meetings and this makes you and the rest of your team uncomfortable. You and your teammates start ignoring the comments instead of smiling politely when the jokes are told to help eliminate the behavior.
5. Classical conditioning: Every time the HR representative comes to work dressed in a suit, layoff notices seem to be distributed. You and your colleagues start worrying whenever you see the HR representative dressed up for work.
Classical conditioning can be defined as a learning process which involves repeatedly pairing two stimuli: conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. In classical conditioning, a response which is at first brought forth by the second stimulus is later brought forth by the first stimulus alone.
Basically, it is a process through which a living organism learns to associate stimuli and as a result anticipating events.
