Answer:
The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. And that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
Answer:
Changes in temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can affect enzyme activity.
For example increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction.
Explanation:
This is because more substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed.
To solve the stability problem, Bohr modified the Rutherford model by making sure that the electrons move in orbits of specific size and energy. The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is lower for smaller orbits. However, radiation can only happen when the electron jumps from one orbit to another.
Answer:
Stronger; a hydrophobic has lower dielectric constant. The lower the dielectric constant of the interior, the stronger the ionic interactions.
Explanation:
Ionic interactions are the electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged ions. The strength of ionic interaction depends on the magnitude of the charges on the ions, the distance between the charged groups and the dielectric constant.
Here, the dielectric constant is the property of the medium in which the ionic interactions are taking place. Dielectric constant represents the number of dipoles present in the medium or solvent. A medium with higher dielectric constant would attract the oppositely charged ions towards its own dipole and would thereby, make the ionic interaction between the ions weaker.
Given that the ionic bonding between substrate and enzyme is taking place in the hydrophobic interior, ionic interactions would be stronger since the hydrophobic medium has a lower dielectric constant.
The lower number of the electric dipoles or their absence in the hydrophobic interior would not attract the oppositely charged groups of substrate and enzyme towards its own dipoles as the water with higher dielectric constant would have done. This would allow stronger ionic interaction between the substrate and the enzyme.
The expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus before the middle of the second trimester is a condition called abortion. It is termination of pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo.
Miscarriage is also that is known as spontaneous abortion which is unintentional expulsion of embryo within the 24 week and the most common cause of spontaneous abortion during first trimester is chromosomal abnormalities of embryo .
The health risk of abortion depend on the procedure is performed safely or unsafely. According to world health organization which is unsafe abortions as those performed by unskilled individuals.There is small diference in safety and efficiency between medical abortion using a combined regimen of mifepristone and misoprostal and surgical abortion in first startiung 3 weeks.
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