Answer:
Pressure
Explanation:
The pressure from the other layers makes it impossible for any liquid to flow, but since it is getting pressed from all around, it is solid.
<em>Sorry if I'm wrong, but I hope this helps!</em>
Answer:
friction heats the water as it seeps into holes and cracks on the ocean floor.
a. The error rate of DNA replication is 1.0 × 10^-8 per base pair. This is considering that a human has approximately 3 billion base pairs where mutations can occur. However, this mutation is kept low by the proof-reading mechanism of DNA polymerases which are 99% efficient.
b. Given that the human genome is 3.2 × 109 bp, this means that there are on average 0.32 new substitutions every time the complete genome is replicated. In humans, there are about 30 cell generations between zygote and egg cells and about 400 cell divisions between a zygote and mature sperm. Thus, in males, the sperm cells have about 128 new mutations and the haploid egg genome has about 10 new mutations for a total of 138 new mutations in every new zygote.
c. Considering the above-mentioned mutation rates of approximately 1 and 2 mutations per 100 million base pairs between generations, then there will be approximately 130 mutations per generation. This means I will probably have about 130 different nucleotide bases from that of my parents.
<span>d. Siblings at an average of 50%, grandparents at an average of 25%; aunts/ uncles at an average of 25%; and first cousins at 12.5%.
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<span>f. You are approximately different from the other random person by one SNP per 1000 bases. The human genome is about 3 Gbps long and therefore about 3 million SNPs among two random people.</span> With about 20,000 genes each having a coding sequence (exons) about 1.5 kb long (i.e. about 500 amino acids long protein on average), the human coding sequence covers 30 Mbp or about 1 percent of the genome. If SNPs were randomly distributed along the genome that will suggest about 30,000 SNP across the genome coding sequence or just over 1 per gene coding sequence.
g. Humans carry on average one to two mutations that, if inherited from both parents, can cause severe genetic disorders or death before reaching reproductive age. These mutations are what are referred to as recessive alleles of a gene.
<span>h. Mosaicism refers to individuals with genetically distinct cell lines that originated from a single zygote, whereas chimerism refers to those who originated from more than one zygote. Microchimerism is the co-existence of two genetically different cell populations in one organism, of which one occurs in a very low number. </span>
Answer:
1) The muscles need more energy as the breathing rate and heart rate increase to bring more oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide. More energy is needed to supply muscles with extra oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
2) Glycogen in the muscles.
3) Rate and volume of breathing increases,
Cardiac output is increased,
Blood flow from nonessential organs is provided to the working muscle.
4) Muscle cells respire anaerobically when there is a temporary deficiency of oxygen during high intensity exercises.
5) Lactic acid.
6) Muscle fatigue is when the muscle cannot perform as normal (decline of ability) due to a result of vigorous exercise.
7) A temporary oxygen shortage in the body tissues due to exercise.
8) Oxygen+ Lactic acid goes to Carbon dioxide + water.
9) The body continues to respire in order to get more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
10) The heart rate and breathing rate stay high after exercise in order to repay the oxygen debt and remove carbon dioxide. They also have to reduce the acid based balance in the muscles to neutral.
11) Lactic acid can also removed by being converted into Glycogen. This involves the muscles as glycogen is a product of the muscles
Hope this helps!
The answer is insertion mutation.
Insertion mutation is a genetic mutation, which happens when one or more nucleotide base pairs are added into a DNA sequence. It is a type of mutation that would more or less cause the most dramatic change in the genetic makeup of an individual simply because by inserting an extra base pair you are disrupting the reading frame, thus affecting the primary structure of the polypeptide as it is being synthesized during translation.
The codons after the insert will all be different may or may not be coding for different amino acids.