1.The Cold War was fought between the United States of America with the NATO alliance and the Soviet Union with the Warsaw Pact. 2. It’s estimated that more than 11 million people were killed throughout all the various proxy wars fought by the United States of America and the Soviet Union. 3. The nuclear arms race during the Cold War saw a peak in nuclear weapon stockpiles in 1985, where both countries combined had over 50,000 nuclear weapons.