Question

Bighorn sheep are beautiful wild animals found throughout the western United States. Data for this problem are based on information taken from The Desert Bighorn, edited by Monson and Sumner 9University of Arizona Press). Let x be the age of a bighorn sheep (in years), and let y be the mortality rate (percent that die) for this age group. For example, x = 1, y = 14 means that 14% of the bighorn sheep between 1 and 2 years old died. A random sample of Arizona bighorn sheep gave the following information:
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 14 18.9 14.4 19.6 20.0
∑x=15 ; ∑y=87.3;∑x2=55; ∑y2=1569.77; ∑xy=275
(a) Draw a scatter diagram.
(b) Find the equation of the least-squares line, and plot the line on the scatter diagram of part (a).
(c) Find the correlation coefficient r. Find the coefficient of determination . What percentage of variation in y is explained by the variation in x and the least squares model?

Answer 1

Answer:

The answer and explanation are below

Step-by-step explanation:

i followed the data that was given in the question.

∑x=15 ; ∑y=87.3;∑x2=55; ∑y2=1569.77; ∑xy=275

a.)  please refer to the attachment for the scatter diagram. Y was plotted against X.

b. The equation is given as:

Y = b₁ + b₀X

∑x=15 ; ∑y=87.3;∑x2=55; ∑y2=1569.77; ∑xy=275

b₁ = n∑xy - (∑x)(∑y)/n(∑x²) - (∑x)²

b₁ = 5 x 275 - 15 x 87.3/5 x 55 - (15²)

= 1375-1309.5/275-225

= 65.5/50

= 1.31

b₀ = 87.3/5 - 1.31(15/5)

= 87.3/5 - 1.31x3

= 13.53

the regression line is

Y = 13.53 + 1.31X

please refer to the attachment for the diagram for the regression line.

c. we are required to find r.

r = n∑XY - (∑X)(∑Y)/√n∑X²-(∑X)² × √n∑y²-(∑y)²

∑x=15 ; ∑y=87.3;∑x2=55; ∑y2=1569.77; ∑xy=275

inserting these values:

r = 5 x 275-(15)(87.3)/√275-225 x √7848.85 - 7621.29

= 65.5/106.69

= 0.6139

Coefficient of determination = r²

r = 0.6139

r² = 0.3769 = 37.69%

Therefore 37.69% variation in y is explained by variation in x and the least square model.