Process costing can be defined as a method of assigning manufacturing costs whereby the cost of each unit produced is assumed to be the same cost for every unit.
Process costing is most commonly applied when goods are produced in large numbers and when the costs linked to individual units cannot be easily differentiated from each other.
Under process costing, costs rise over a fixed period of time, and are then assigned to all the units produced throughout that period.
According to my research on financial terminology, I can say that based on the information provided within the question the remaining cash is called residual cash flow. Like described in the question this term is formally defined as the income that an organization has after all debts and expenses have been officially paid.
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<span>Obviously, the broker is subtly encouraging their clients to buy more stocks. Particularly, when they call with news of stocks that rose more than 10 percents, this will probably motivate people to think the stock is doing well and they want to "get in on the action" while they still can. Even if their calls when a stock goes below 3 percent might encourage some people to sell, the increase of three percents (combined with the 10 percent calls) would definitely be influence to buy.</span>
To calculate the intrinsic value of the stock, we will use the constant growth model of the dividend discount model (DDM). The DDM values the stock based on the present value of the expected future dividends from the stock. The formula for price today under the constant growth model of DDM is,
P0 = D0 * (1+g) / r - g
Where,
D0 * (1+g) is D1 or the next expected dividend
r is the required rate of return
g is the growth rate in dividends
First of all, we need to calculate the r or required rate of return using the CAPM equation,
