Answer:
Gymnosperms and lower vascular plants have sieve cells as their sieve elements, while sieve tubes are characteristic of flowering plants angiosperms. In gymnosperms, typical companion cells are lacking in the phloem. In gymnosperms, generally the xylem contains only tracheids. Vessels are absent.
Explanation:
did that help?
Substitution I believe is the right answer but I never learned identity property
