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Tju [1.3M]
3 years ago
7

According to uniformitarianism, which statement is true?

Biology
1 answer:
tensa zangetsu [6.8K]3 years ago
4 0
According to uniformitarianism, (C) the rate of geolgic processes remain the same over time, and the processes themselves remain the same.
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What is the complementary strand of this dna segment: CCATGA
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GGTACT

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GGTACT

CCATGA

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Which of these has the carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
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Glucose

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A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. from this point in t
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Streptococcus pneumoniae can escape phagocytic clearance by which mechanism
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<span>he Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule is vital for virulence and may inhibit complement activity and phagocytosis. However, there are only limited data on the mechanisms by which the capsule affects complement and the consequences for S. pneumoniae interactions with phagocytes. Using unencapsulated serotype 2 and 4 S. pneumoniae mutants, we have confirmed that the capsule has several effects on complement activity. The capsule impaired bacterial opsonization with C3b/iC3b by both the alternative and classical complement pathways and also inhibited conversion of C3b bound to the bacterial surface to iC3b. There was increased binding of the classical pathway mediators immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to unencapsulated S. pneumoniae, indicating that the capsule could inhibit classical pathway complement activity by masking antibody recognition of subcapsular antigens, as well as by inhibiting CRP binding. Cleavage of serum IgG by the enzyme IdeS reduced C3b/iC3b deposition on all of the strains, but there were still marked increases in C3b/iC3b deposition on unencapsulated TIGR4 and D39 strains compared to encapsulated strains, suggesting that the capsule inhibits both IgG-mediated and IgG-independent complement activity against S. pneumoniae. Unencapsulated strains were more susceptible to neutrophil phagocytosis after incubation in normal serum, normal serum treated with IdeS, complement-deficient serum, and complement-deficient serum treated with IdeS or in buffer alone, suggesting that the capsule inhibits phagocytosis mediated by FcÎł receptors, complement receptors, and nonopsonic receptors. Overall, these data show that the S. pneumoniae capsule affects multiple aspects of complement- and neutrophil-mediated immunity, resulting in a profound inhibition of opsonophagocytosis.</span>
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What immune systems are involved in fighting HIV
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Innate immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells and natural killer cells) are the first line of defence which HIV encounters upon entry to the body.

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Humoral response to HIV.

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