In a cladogram the tiny indentations along the bottom line is an evolution or change and every organism after the indentation on the bottom line has it and every organism before the indentation does not
Transmembrane proteins are found in the plasma membrane. Hydrophilic regions are embedded
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within the membrane, and Hydrophobic regions project from both surfaces of the bilayer.
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Approximately 20-80% of the cell membrane is composed of lipids, the rest, is made up of protein. The lipid layer of the membrane gives it flexible and permeable characteristic. While the protein part assists in transport of molecules it needs to survive.<span>
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It can be caused by mutation, random mating, random fertilization, and recombination.
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