In the excerpt, the word "pungent" refers to the pickles' aroma.
Pungent is a word to describe a very strong smell, very sharp and biting. So when Untermeyer used the word pungent to refer to the pickles, he was talking about their aroma, which is a fancy way to say smell.
The sun is moving across the sky
Or is a coordinating conjunction.
A sentence, to be a sentence, must contain a subject and a verb. In A there is no subject, who/what is "receiving intravenous antibiotics"
10 across is insurance! The other ones all I could think of wouldn’t work with the spacing so sorry!