The market for carbon allowances is set by the regulatory authority.
Answer:
Real rate of returns are lower than nominal rates of return, therefore, using a real discount rate would overestimate a project's net present value. This could result in unprofitable projects being accepted because the NPV was erroneously calculated. If you want to use a real discount rate, you must first convert cash flows to real dollars.
For example, nominal discount rate is 10%, inflation rate is 5%, real discount rate is 5%.
Initial outlay $100
NCF year 1 = $40
NCF year 2 = $40
NCF year 3 = $40
Using the real discount rate, the NPV = $8.93
Using the nominal discount rate, the NPV = -$0.53
Answer
Before I answer this question, you must note that the equilibrium price is created by both the amount supplied of a certain product as well as how much "customers" there are (or the amount that is bought in all). This however, is usually not taking account any potential competitors.
For example, let say that the price in creating the product (or buying) is $15. This means that right now, the company loses $15 for one of the products. To make a profit, the selling price must be >$15. However, (unless they are a monopoly, such as, for example, electrical companies) there are competitors that they must fight with to get customers. Of course, there are other things that can affect the price, depending on the demographic and area.
So how does supply and demand affect the equilibrium price? The limits of the supply & the amount of demand would help determine the price by the amount of people buying and the supply of the product.
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The term for goods that your business ships to another country is known as <u>Exports</u>.
Export/ Exporting:
- The process by which companies from one country sell their goods and services to companies or consumers in a different country is known as Exporting.
- The exports, along with imports, make up international trade.
- They are incredibly important to modern economies as they offer people and firms many more markets for their goods.
- Exporting into foreign markets can reduce per-unit costs by expanding operations to meet increased demand.
- Also, the companies that export into foreign markets gain new knowledge and experience that may allow the discovery of new technologies, marketing practices, and insights into foreign competitors.
Answer:
The length of time = 12 years
Explanation:
<em>The number of years the case would be determines the length time it takes the present value of annuity of 17,000 to equate the initial cost </em>
Initial cost = A× (1- (1+r)^(-n)/r =
A- 17,000, r- 13%, n - ?
So we will need to work out the value of " n"
100,000 = 17,000 × 1- 1.13^(-n)/0.133
100,000/17,000 =1- 1.13^(-n)/0.13
5.88235 ×0.13 = 1- 1.13^(-n)
n = 12
The number of years is approximately 12 years
The length of time = 12 years
