Covalent bond is when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, an example of this could be H20 or C02.
ionic bonds are when one or more electrons from am atom are removed and attached to another, which can result in positive or negative ions which attract each other, an example of this could be table salt.
An ionic bonding occurs when cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) attract each other. In ionic bonding, atoms either loose electrons to become positively charged, in the case of metals, or gain electrons to become negatively charged, in the case of nonmetals. Molecules formed by ionic bonds are called salts.
Covalent bonding:
A covalent boding is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms. When only one valence electron (electron in the valence shell (outermost shell)) is shared, the we call that a covalent bond. When two valence electrons are shared we call that a double covalent bond, such as the one found in an oxygen molecule.
The growth rate becomes negative until the population is back within the carrying capacity.
Just because the carrying capacity is exceeded does not mean all the organisms go extinct. They slowly start to die down until the population reaches a number the environment can sustain.
