Our genes can be affected by the environment and change the way our traits are displayed, called the phenotype. However, changes in phenotype have an underlying genotypic source. Epigenetics or epigenetic changes are changes in the way traits are expressed as an effect of the environment (i.e. food we ate, chemicals in the body, environmental stresses), without changes in the DNA. Simply put, in epigenetics, some parts of the DNA are turned on or off in response to environmental conditions.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through a gel containing the molecules of interest.
The answer to your outstanding question is 3
Answer: b. Acetyl Co-A
Explanation:
Acetyl CoA produced through pyruvate, amino acids, and fatty acids are oxidized in the Krebs cycle in CO2, obtaining as products NADH, FADH2 and GTP (ATP). Parallel to this oxidation, the Krebs cycle produces compounds used as precursors for biosynthesis. As it is a cycle, an oxaloacetate molecule could, in principle, oxidize an amount indefinite of acetyl CoA. Acetyl-CoA is formed from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, sequentially performed by pyruvate dehydrogenase -PDH (complex multi enzymatic of 3 enzymes), in the mitochondrial matrix.
