I believe the answer is: avoidance of guilty feelings and <span>negative reinforcement.
The avoidance of guilty feelings is a defense mechanism because guilt could often lead to personal stress.
The negatve reinforcement under this situation refers to the effects that might cause a certain decrease in our standard of life (such as negative treatment from other people or some physical harm)</span>
Twins that share a particular trait are said to be concordant for the trait.
The theorist Sigmund Freud proposed that anger originated toward a love object, but was ultimately turned inward against the self. He referred to depression as anger turned inward and said that “anger leads to fear, fear leads to hate, and hate leads to the dark side”.
<span>I believe the answer is: No, the nurses are not engaged in the research activities.
According to the federal regulations, for a person to be categorized as 'engaged in a research', that person need to play an integral part that could affect the outcome of the research. Informing patients about its existence do not necessarily affect research' outcome.</span>
You haven't given the research techniques to be analyzed so its impossible to answer the question. Perhaps you just failed to complete your inquiry.
