Reagan was often called the "Teflon President, " because criticism and blame never seemed to stick to him.
The largest fear was the position on the slave issue. The pro and anti slavery advocates feared that the addition of California to the Union could cause a senate majority on the other side. The territory was left without a formal government after a debate within the senate and failed the amendments about the addition of California.
The principle of checks and balances refers to the system, in the American federal system, wherein each branch of government has responsibilities and obligations as it relates to the other branches of government.
The President, for one, is able to veto legislation from the Legislative Branch but a balance on that check is that the Legislative branch may override the Executive branch's veto.
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The military-industrial-university complex during the cold war was a form of informal alliance between the government, the academic world and the industries (usually privately owned industries). The alliance was supported by the government, that played the major role of financing the production of military hardware and its consumption.
The most beneficial change in engineering practice was that new production methods, and new technologies were discovered in the rush to create the most sophisticated military weapons. One of the areas that benefited from this alliance is the aviation industry; that saw the development of super-fast jets and radar and night vision technologies. Some of these technologies have found their ways into civilian usage.
The least beneficial change was that most government spending was channeled into the development of military technology, suppressing the development of other civilian technologies and production techniques. Some companies that were not related to the military were not able to access the results of some research in the academic world, as they were classified until the cold war tension came to an end.
Answer: Although initially disregarded by the great powers of Europe, the Monroe Doctrine became a mainstay of U.S. foreign policy. In 1823 U.S. President James Monroe proclaimed the U.S. protector of the Western Hemisphere by forbidding European powers from colonizing additional territories in the Americas.
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