Answer: A. Spruce trees reduce the sunlight available to young pine trees, thus decreasing the environment's carrying capacity for pine trees.
Explanation:
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of the members of the population of a species which an ecosystem can sustain in terms of availing the resources. The population size will be affected when the carrying capacity does not meet the demand of the population.
In the given situation, the pine trees requires the sunlight to mature whereas the spruce trees requires the shade to get mature. If the spruce trees are taller than the pine trees they are likely to reduce the available sunlight of the young pine trees. Hence, the environmental carrying capacity for pine trees will decrease in the absence of proper sunlight.
Cytochromes:- They are iron containing hemoproteins that serve many cellular functions including energy production, steroid biosynthesis, and degradation of toxins.
Cytochromes occur in all organisms except a few obligate anaerobes. They are structurally similar among organisms. These are proteins to which one to two tetrapyrrole rings are bound. These tetrapyrroles are very similar to the chromophores of chlorophylls in plants. However, chlorophylls(in plants) contain Mg++ as the central atom in the tetrapyrrole, whereas the cytochromes(in aerobic animals) have an iron atom (Figure).
Answer:
Photosystems is a process in which solar energy is converted into chemical which occurs in protein complex. There are two photosystems i. e. photosystem l and photosystem ll. Photosystem occurs outside surface of thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. In photosystem l, solar energy is converted into ATP and NADPH. Photosystem occurs inside surface of thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. In photosystem ll, hydrogen is extracted from water molecule which is used in the formation of ATP by using ATP synthase enzyme.
Answer:allows for simple angular movement
Explanation:
d- allows for simple angular movement
Answer:
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