Temperature affects a star size and the light it emits and it also affects it luminosity. When a star is cold it usually emits a blue color and when its hot it emits a reddish color. For example, up close to the sun it appears red, this is because the temperature is hot.
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The pancreas maintains the body’s blood glucose (sugar) balance. The pancreas is unique in that it’s both an endocrine and exocrine gland. In other words, the pancreas has the dual function of secreting hormones into blood (endocrine) and secreting enzymes through ducts (exocrine).
It declines. Members above will die off due to starvation, and members immediately below will proliferate and kill off (through predation) the members below themselves.