Explain collective action problems and free riding, and how groups get around these problems through benefits of participation (i.e., solidary benefits and purposive benefits), coercion, and selective incentives.
collective action problem; situation in which members of a group would benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work; one individuals efforts will not make a big difference; individual is better off free riding, can not do any work but still enjoy successes of group; even when people agree something would be good, cooperation isn't easy or automatic
free riding; relying on others to contribute to a collective effort and not participating on ones own behalf, but still benefiting from the groups successes
mechanism to promote cooperation: benefits from participation, coercion, selective incentives
soldiery benefits-satisfaction derived from the experience of working with like-minded people, even if the groups efforts do not achieve the desired impact
purposive benefit- satisfaction that comes from working to achieve a common goal
coercion- requiring participation; ex. labor unions require union dues as condition
selective incentives- benefits only given to members of an interest group
hope this helps.
Answer:
He had been to Malacca in a previous expedition.
Explanation:
He had not gone to Malacca, but he HAD died on Macta, sailed for both Spain and Portugual, and WAS the first to circumnavigate the globe.
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Answer:
Within-Subjects Experiments
Explanation:
Within-Subjects Designs: this is a form of experimental design in which the participants involved is exposed or subjected to all the conditions.
However, in this case, Alberto, is using Within-Subject Designs (simultaneous) by exposing all the participants to answer arithmetic problems while listening to metal, and then country, and finally classical music simultenously.
The multiple conditions here are: arithmetic problems to solve, listening to different types of music in a sequence that mixed the different types.
Answer:
Hitler expected an invasion over the Strait of Dover because it is the geographical point with the shortest distance between Great Britain and Mainland Europe, more specifically: France.
Hitler did not expect an invasion through the English Channel to land on the Normandy coast, because the distance from Normandy to England is over 100 miles, the weather is cloudy and rainy for most of the year, and Normandy was heavily protected by the Nazi Army.
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