The most common outcome of an off-year election is a win by the minority party going into the election.
Turnout is typically lower during off-year elections, and so the general consensus is that the minority party's die hard voters are the most motivated to vote out the people they oppose.
Utilitarian(answer D) is the term used by marketers to describe a desire to achieve some functional or practical benefits. Utilitarian needs motivate some people which emphasize mainly in objective, tangible attributes of products. Utilitarianism holds that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number