Answer:
1. Functions:
a. Umbilical artery >> carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
b. Umbilical vein >> transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
c. <em>Ductus venosus</em> >> allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver
d. <em>Ductus arterious</em> >> allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's non-functioning lungs
e.<em> Foramen ovale</em> >> oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the pulmonary circulation
2. After the bird:
1. Umbilical artery >> medial umbilical ligament
2. Umbilical vein >> round ligament of the liver
3. <em>Ductus venosus</em> >> <em>ligamentum venosum</em>
4. <em>Ductus arteriosus</em> >> <em>ligamentum arteriosum</em>
5. <em>Foramen ovale</em> >> <em>fossa ovalis</em>
Explanation:
The umbilical artery is a paired artery localized in the abdominal and pelvic regions, which carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta through the umbilical cord. The medial umbilical ligament is the obliterated part of the umbilical artery that arises from the internal iliac arteries. In utero, the umbilical arteries carry waste products back to the placenta, whereas the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The round ligament of the liver (also known as <em>ligamentum teres hepatis</em>) is a remnant of the umbilical vein that exists in the embryonic stage, it connects the left lobe of the liver to the umbilicus. The<em> ductus venosus</em> is a slender shunt that allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver, it connects the intra-hepatic portion of the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. The <em>ligamentum venosum</em> is an extrahepatic, slender, and fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus venosus that travels between the left portal vein and the inferior vena cava. The <em>ductus arteriosus</em> is a fetal artery that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery. The <em>ligamentum arteriosum</em> is a nonfunctional vestige of the <em>ductus arteriosus, </em>it is attached to the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk. The <em>foramen ovale</em> is an oval-shaped, small, opening in the wall (<em>septum</em>) between the two upper chambers of the heart. The <em>fossa ovalis</em> is a vestige stricture of the foramen ovale of the embryonic heart, which forms a depression in the right atrium of the heart.
The answer is D since organism x has a n optimal temperature of 37 degrees Celsius and when organisms y enzyme gets incorporated with enzyme x it will increase enzyme’s x temperature therefore enzyme x will denature meaning it will unfold and it will loose its properties hence loosing its activity because its temperature has been altered.
Scientific models must be able to generate PREDICTIONS.
Scientific models refers to frameworks, which are used to elucidate and predict the behavior of an object or a system. Scientists usually use models to carry out research and to explain the results of their research. A good and effective scientific model should be able to make accurate predictions.
