How do the genes in our DNA influence our characteristics? For example, how can a gene determine
whether a person is an albino with very pale skin and hair?
Basically, a gene is a segment of DNA that provides the instructions for making a protein, and
proteins influence our characteristics. This chart describes how two different versions of a gene result
in two different versions of a protein which in turn can result in either normal skin and hair color or
albinism.
DNA Protein Characteristic
Version of the gene that provides
instructions to make
normal protein enzyme
Normal enzyme that makes the
pigment molecule in skin and
hair
Normal skin and hair
color
Version of the gene that provides
instructions to make
defective enzyme
Defective enzyme that does
not make this pigment
molecule
Albinism (very pale
skin and hair)
A gene directs the synthesis of a protein by a two-step process.
The first step is transcription of the gene in the DNA.
Transcription produces a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
The second step is translation of the mRNA molecule.
Translation produces a protein molecule.
During transcription, the sequence of
nucleotides in a gene in the DNA is
copied to a corresponding sequence
of nucleotides in mRNA.
During translation, the sequence of
nucleotides in the mRNA determines
the sequence of amino acids in the
protein.
After translation, the sequence of amino acids in the protein determines the structure and function of
the protein. Differences in protein function can influence characteristics such as normal skin and hair
color vs. albinism.
Ecosystem and pond,
not sure though but good luck !
Central dogma is done by all cells which involves the process of DNA replication, transcription and translation. DNA replication involves making of a new DNA molecule to copy the genetic information and takes place in the nucleus of a cell while Transcription is the formation of a mRNA from DNA molecule by RNA polymerase a process that takes place in the nucleus. Translation involves formation of polypeptides from the messenger RNA which takes place in the cytoplasm (cytosol) of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in an organelle known as ribosomes.
Emotion is one of the responses of an organism (whole) which
involves physiological arousal. Other than indicating emotion, physiological
arousal or heightened physiological activity is modernly used in polygraphs.
Polygraphs or lie detector notes changes in blood pressure, pulse, respiration
while the subject is asked and answers questions. It is based on the assumption
that dishonest answers are indicated with physiological arousal.
Answer:
The correct sequence is - 2, 3, 4, 1.
Explanation:
The movement of the water takes place in the plant from the soil and moves up to leaves and from there to the atmosphere. Root hairs help in the absorption of the water from the soil with help of the epidermis of root hairs. Water then takes the path from the root to the stem with help of cortical cells.
Once the water reaches the endodermis or endodermal cell the water freely flow in the xylem cell upwards the stem moves to leaves by the transpiration stream. In the process of transpiration, an excess amount of water evaporates into the atmosphere.
