<em>Thermal energy</em> is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in an object.
Assume that you have 250 gL of water and 1 kg of water at the same temperature.
Then, each water molecule has the same kinetic energy.
The larger sample contains four times as many molecules, so it contains four times as much thermal energy.
Thus, thermal energy is directly proportional to mass.
In symbols, <em>KE </em>∝ <em>m</em> or <em>KE = km</em>.
The graph of a direct proportion is a <em>straight line passing trough the origin</em>.
It should look something like the graph below.
A = number of mass = 31 => number of protons + number of neutrons = 31
Phosphours, Z = atomic number = 15 = number of protons
Symbol of the element phosphorus = P
=> The symbol of the isotope is the symbol of the element, P, with the number of mass, 31, to the left, as a superscript, and the atomic number, 15, to the left, as a suscript.
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