Answer: The greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of bitumen and the use of large quantities of water.
Explanation:
Bitumen is a natural flammable organic matter formed from kerogen in the process of petroleum generation, which is soluble in carbon disulfide. Asphalt and mineral wax are examples of hydrocarbons which are part of bitumen. Conventional oil is extracted by wells while <u>oil sands deposits are extracted using surface mining sectioning techniques, or are flowed to wells by in situ techniques that reduce bitumen viscosity by steam and/or solvents.</u> So, unlike crude oil extracted in oil wells, bitumen requires an open-pit mining operation, in which large tracts are washed with a mixture of water and chemicals to separate the bitumen from a mixture of sand and clay.
Two consequences of this practice are:
- The greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of bitumen are larger than the extraction of conventional oil. The emissions produced contribute to enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming. The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases retain part of the energy emitted by the earth's soil when heated by the sun's radiation. This phenomenon occurs naturally, and thanks to it, the average temperature of the Earth is about 14º C (57.2 °F). The problem occurs when these greenhouse gases increase in the atmosphere and the amount of energy that is not released into space also increases and, with it, the Earth's temperature.
- The extraction of bitumen from oil sands requires the use of large quantities of water, and even though water used here can be recycled, only a small amounts is returned to the natural cycle. Also, spills from the transportation of the oil could damage soils and waterways, increasing water pollution. This toxic water could get into surface.
Mutations can lead to missing or malformed proteins, and that can lead to disease. ... Some mutations happen during cell division, when DNA gets duplicated. Still other mutations are caused when DNA gets damaged by environmental factors, including UV radiation, chemicals, and viruses. Few mutations are bad for you.
If another predator, that is more efficient hunter, enters the territory of the puffins, the puffins will find themselves in a very tough situation. They will either have to adapt very quickly, or die out.
The evolutionary pressure will be there fro the puffins to push them in a direction to adapt and be netter hunters, thus fight for their existence. That would mean that the puffin's beak, but also their speed and efficiency will have to improve in order to compete or even out-compete the new predator.
If the puffins do not manage to adapt relatively quickly, and a food shortage occurs, than they will die out, as they will lose the fight for food constantly.
3 phosphate groups, hence tri-phosphate
