From what I can gather, the answer is either C. Many came to join family already in the United States, or D. Many were attracted by the opportunities to fight in the Civil War. (Sorry if it doesn't help).
Stefan Löfven, now Prime Minister of Sweeden, studied social work at Umeå University, but dropped out after a year and a half.
Then, he started a welding course and after Military service, he began his career as a welder and he started getting into unions and politics.
I believe the answer is: avoidance of guilty feelings and <span>negative reinforcement.
The avoidance of guilty feelings is a defense mechanism because guilt could often lead to personal stress.
The negatve reinforcement under this situation refers to the effects that might cause a certain decrease in our standard of life (such as negative treatment from other people or some physical harm)</span>
