Diploid refers to a cell that has two copies of each chromosome. One way that a diploid organism could have an offspring that are 3n (triploid) or 4n is when the chromosomes don't separate during meiosis.
Triploid refers to some cell that have 3 copies of each chromosomes for a total of 69 chromosomes.
The difference is found in the DNA chromosome of the male and females.
The males have XY chromosomes at the last while the females have XX, these chromosome labels are important to signify deviancy and disparities among the morphology and the later structure of the female and male functions.
Punnett squares are used to find out the possible genotypes of the next generation after a cross and thus find the phenotype too according to the predicted genotypes.
For example, parents with genotypes of Rr and rr cross together, we can use the punnett square to list out the possible genotypes of their children which are Rr and rr.
You can never predict the exact genotypes of the next child but you can find out the possibility if they carry a certain trait. All the genotypes of the child are in random but you at least know what phenotypes they'll have.
Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. Involuntary reflex reaction to exposure or inexposure to light—in low light conditions a dilated pupil lets more light into the eye. :)
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Photosynthesis produces energy which is used during respiration to break down carbohydrates like starch into more usable forms like glucose
