Answer:
I think its President Qunicy Adams. Take this with a grain of salt as I might be wrong.
Explanation:
they threw them overboard because they were too stubborn for example: the slave traders yell to row the boat but they're either tired or to weak to row and since they're either tired or weak they don't row as fast or as much and then the slave trader gets really mad causing him to throw the captives overboard to teach the others a lesson. or he'd throw them over to send someone else a message but #1 was a better example
I believe the answer is A) Before the Industrial Revolution, European industries relied on manual labor to produce goods, but afterward, they began relying on machines.
The Industrial Revolution was a period of time when Western Europe and the United States began to transition to using machines instead of manual labor. Lots of new inventions were thought of during this time period.
Hope this helps! Please let me know if I'm wrong :)
Centralized republics since that one belongs to the most European countries