The answer is vitamin D. This is actually a group of vitamins of similar molecular structure responsible for facilitating increased absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphate from the gut. The most important of the vitamin D compounds are vitamin D3 and D2. While vitamin D can be obtained from your diet and supplements, the major source of vitamin D is from a chemical reaction dependent on skin exposure to the sun.
This is because blood is pumped out of the heart at greater pressure from these chambers compared to the atria. ... This is due to the higher forces needed to pump blood through the systemic circuit (around the body) compared to the pulmonary circuit.
A student who has been shrunk to a size small enough to be inserted into the interior of a chloroplast, who then travels out into the cytosol, will have passed through two plasmatic membranes.
The student in question is placed in the interior of a chloroplast. The anatomy of a chloroplast, in broad terms, contains:
- Stroma
- Granum
- Inner membrane
- Outer membrane
These contents have been listed in order from the most interior to the most superficial. The question states that the student is placed in the granum, meaning that he is within the inner membrane. In order to escape into the cytosol, which lies just beyond the outer membrane, he must travel across two plasmatic membranes.
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