Answer:
state governments copied the federal. protect the states from foregin invastion.
During the Hellenistic Age, Archimedes made advancements in "mathematics"--specifically in the realm of geometry, since he developed innovative ways to calculate volume, area, etc.
The Spartan government was by a small group of people-the vast majority of citizens could only vote yes or no the questions put to it. Most of the decisions were made by a small group of ephors (high ranking magistrates) constrained by the constitution of Lycurgus and the two kings.
It was important that civil service positions were not hereditary so that officials would be well-qualified. The fear was that if these positions were hereditary or inherited by a parent then officials would not really qualify for the position they inherited. There would be no requirements to serve except that their parent was previously an official. By not allowing this officials would be required to qualify on their merits and not based on who they were related too. Thus better and more qualified officials would exist. The answer is A) so officials would be well-qualified.
True; the romans and roman government were generally tolerant of other religions
