Answer:
a-1 Present value = 6,177.39
a2- Present Value =6,227.79
a3- Choose the payment stream with the highest present value = a2
b1- Present Value=3,353.98
b2-Present Value=2,805.28
b3-Choose the payment stream with the highest present value = b1
Explanation:
a-1 describes an ordinary annuity whose present value is calculated as follows:
![Present value =PMT*\frac{[1-(1+i)^-^n]}{i}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20Present%20value%20%3DPMT%2A%5Cfrac%7B%5B1-%281%2Bi%29%5E-%5En%5D%7D%7Bi%7D)
where PMT=$800; i= 5%, n= 10
![Present value =800*\frac{[1-(1+0.05)^-^1^0]}{0.05}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20Present%20value%20%3D800%2A%5Cfrac%7B%5B1-%281%2B0.05%29%5E-%5E1%5E0%5D%7D%7B0.05%7D)
= 6,177.39
a2- ![Present value =600*\frac{[1-(1+0.05)^-^1^5]}{0.05}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Present%20value%20%3D600%2A%5Cfrac%7B%5B1-%281%2B0.05%29%5E-%5E1%5E5%5D%7D%7B0.05%7D)
= 6,227.79
a3- If I were receiving these payments annually, I would prefer the payment stream with the highest present value ie a2 -Annual payment of $600 for 15 years at 5% interest.
b1- ![Present value =800*\frac{[1-(1+0.20)^-^1^0]}{0.20}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Present%20value%20%3D800%2A%5Cfrac%7B%5B1-%281%2B0.20%29%5E-%5E1%5E0%5D%7D%7B0.20%7D)
= 3,353.98
b2-![Present value =600*\frac{[1-(1+0.20)^-^1^5]}{0.20}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Present%20value%20%3D600%2A%5Cfrac%7B%5B1-%281%2B0.20%29%5E-%5E1%5E5%5D%7D%7B0.20%7D)
=2,805.28
b3- f I were receiving these payments annually, I would prefer the payment stream with the highest present value ie b1- Annual payment of $800 for 10 years at 20% interest.
Answer:
The correct option is A, abnormal price change at the announcement
Explanation:
Abnormal price increase before the announcement would only be the case if the there was insider dealing, that is there exists information leakage.
An abnormal price decrease cannot be the case, the market prices a share based on its earnings' strength, in other words a stock with high dividends prospect is priced high.
Option D is wrong there would a price change stemming from the announcement made about large cash dividends payout
Answer: b. a lower interest rate than
Explanation:
A protective convenant is also referred to as a restrictive covenant and it is referred to as an agreement whereby a particular company is restricted from doing certain things while a contract is still ongoing.
In this case, when a firm issues debt with no protective covenants in the indenture then the firm's debt will probably be issued at lower interest than similar debt with protective covenants. The reason for this is that the lender is protected when there is a convenant which ultimately lower the cost of debt.
Answer:
c- Reliance on a tax return preparer
Explanation
The substantial understatement penalty is a punishment that the IRS applies to taxpayers, it belong to the accuracy-related penalty. The IRS can impose it due to: careless, reckless, or intentional disregard of the rules or regulations. There are ways for taxpayer to avoid the penalty for taking a position on a return that is contrary to a rule or regulation if the taxpayer properly discloses the position, but reliance on a tax return preparer is not among the options, as it does not by itself constitute reasonable reliance in good faith; also, a taxpayer needs to discuss the issue with the adviser.
